Matter - the material, or “stuff”, that everything is made of (sciencesaurus)
Density - the amount of mass in a known volume of an object or substance (sciencesaurus)
Volume - the amount of space that an object, or substance takes up (sciencesaurus)
Atoms - the smallest particle of a substance that has all the properties of that substance (sciencesaurus)
Elements - pure substances made of only one kind of atom (sciencesaurus)
Molecules - a particle of matter made of two or more atoms joined tightly together (sciencesaurus)
Compounds - a substance whose molecules contain atoms of different elements (sciencesaurus)
Acids - any compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) in water, and reduces its pH to below 7 (sciencesaurus)
Bases - Chemistry: any compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and raises its pH above 7 (sciencesaurus)
Mixture - a combination of two or more substances that do not form new substance (sciencesaurus)
Solution - a mixture with one substance spread out so evenly in another substance that you cannot tell the two substances apart (sciencesaurus)
Energy - the ability to do work (sciencesaurus)
Physical properties - a property that can be observed, measured, or changed without changing the substance itself (sciencesaurus)
Chemical properties - the ability of a substance to change into a new substance with different properties (sciencesaurus)
A) Name, draw and describe the three states of matter, both on a macroscopic (observable) and submicroscopic (atomic) level.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.
Solids have a definite shape and volume, its particles are close together and do not move around very much.
Liquids have a definite volume but they take on the shape of its container, while its particles are not as close together and have some room to move.
Gases take the shape and volume of its container, they can flow and its particles move freely in all directions.
The States of Matter
Labels and description the parts of an atom.
Red in center: neutrons
Not charged but add mass to the atom. Usually the same in quantity as the number of protons.
Blue in center: protons
Positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom. Number of protons tell what kind of atom it is.
Combined center: nucleus
The central collection of neutrons and protons in the center of an atom.
Rotating grey circles: electrons
Negatively charged particles. Usually the same number as the number of protons. Kept in spaces called clouds outside of the nucleus. Number and arrangement will determine interactions with other atoms or rather its chemical properties.
Describe physical and chemical changes and give an example of each.
A chemical change occurs when one or more substances change into one or more new substances. Their properties change.
E.g Baking soda and vinegar combining to form carbon dioxide.
A physical change when an object changes however what it is made of did not.